Wolf scats
Wolves produce scats, or droppings, which are usually composed of hair, bone fragments, and other signs of their carnivorous diet. Scat of adult wolf is similar in size to that of a large dog, often with hair visible, whereas domestic dog scats are generally more uniform in texture and shape without noticeable hair or bone fragments.
Wolf tracks
Wolf tracks are larger than those of all but the largest breeds of domestic dogs, the genetic descendents of wolves. While many dog tracks can be easily distinguished from wolf tracks, some domestic dogs have tracks that are very similar to wolves, making them indistinguishable in some instances.
Wolf howling
Wolves howl to communicate their location to other pack members and to ward off rivaling packs from their territory. It’s also been found that wolves will howl to their own pack members out of affection, as opposed to anxiety.
Dens and lays
Wolves typically prefer to rest under some sort of cover but wolves in dry areas will readily rest in the open. Dens for pups are usually constructed during the summer and will make use of natural shelters such as fissures in rocks, cliff overhangs, and ground holes covered with thick vegetation. Dens are usually built no more than a few hundred yards from water sources and typically face southward to allow sunlight in.
